Cleaveland, John. Papers

Collection History

Please note that as of January 2022, the John Cleaveland papers, 1741-1810, and all future digital collections are now hosted on the library's new digital archive.

Rev. John Cleaveland (1722-1799) was an early leader in the "Separatist" Christian movement, an evangelical revival born out of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s-40s. His career can be traced to a conflict with the administration of Yale College, at which he was a student. Refusing to repent for attending a Separatist meeting, he was expelled from the college in 1745. Subsequently he served at a newly established Separatist church in the Chebacco precinct of Ipswich, also known as the Fourth Church in Ipswich, at which he was ordained in 1747.

During his ministry, a merger was effected between the Separatist Fourth Church and the orthodox Congregational "Chebacco church" from which it had divided; in 1774 both churches voted to reunite as the Second Parish Church in Ipswich (colloquialy: Chebacco Church), with Rev. Cleaveland as their pastor. Following a township redistricting in 1819 this church became the First Congregational Church of Essex.

Rev. Cleaveland also served as a military chaplain in 1758-59 at Ticonderoga and Louisburg during the French and Indian War, and later with American forces during the Revolutionary War. He passed away in 1799, having pastored the Chebacco Church for 52 years.

This extensive collection is owned by our project partners, the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum, and is subdivided into personal papers, church papers and family papers. These are further organized into the categories below, consisting of biographical materials, correspondence, administrative records, and handwritten sermons. These occur in chronological order, evidencing a wide variety of Rev. Cleaveland's activities throughout his life. Also included is the sporatic diary of Rev. Cleaveland's wife, Mary Cleaveland (née Dodge), which mainly details the births of her children. Further information about the collection can be found in the Phillips Library's finding aid.

 

Digital Materials

Biographical materials, 1741-1842

These miscellaneous papers include Rev. Cleaveland's diary entries, legal documents relating to his expulsion from Yale, various correspondences, poetry, an official letter appointing him military chaplain in 1759, financial records and receipts, and his 1794 will.

1741-2 by Rev. Cleaveland   diary entries, 1741-2
circa 1744 by the rector and tutors of Yale College of John and Ebenezer Cleaveland examination
circa 1744 by the rector and tutors of Yale College of John and Ebenezer Cleaveland examination
circa 1744 by Rev. Cleaveland to the rector and tutors of Yale College letter of confession and contrition
1743 October 15 by Rev. Cleaveland   poem
1744 November 19 by rector and tutors of Yale to Rev. Cleaveland letter warning of expulsion from Yale
1749-1751 by Rev. Cleaveland   diary entries, 1749-51
1763 October 7 by Rev. Cleaveland to unknown letter urging Christianization of Native American peoples in light of Britain's claims on the continent
circa 1763 by Rev. Cleaveland   poem and notes
1746 by Rev. Cleaveland   diary entries, 1746
1758 March 13 by Governor of Massachusetts Bay (Thomas Pownall) to Rev. Cleaveland appointment as military chaplain
1759 October 22 from Col. Jonathan Bagly to Rev. Cleaveland letter granting leave
1759 by Rev. Cleaveland   list of those killed in Col. Bagly's regiment,
1763 December 26 from Thomas Clap to Rev. Cleaveland letter regarding granting of a degree
undated     "weight of the family of Rev. Cleaveland" and other notes
1799 April 28     account of Rev Cleaveland's illness and death
1771 January 17 by Rev. Cleaveland to John Choates list of payments
1778 January by Rev. Cleaveland to John Cogswell payments for barley and flax
1796 June by Rev. Cleaveland to Anna Marshall inventory of goods bequeathed by Rev. Cleaveland
undated by the rector and tutors of Yale College of Rev. Cleaveland account of the examination of Rev. Cleaveland [partial]
undated     "purchases made by John Cleaveland of sundry proprietors"
1794 October 3 by Rev. Cleaveland   will
circa 1799 by Rev. Cleaveland   "The Life of Mr John Cleaveland"
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   undated diary entries
undated by Rev. Cleaveland to his daughter Elizabeth letter
undated by Rev. Cleaveland to unknown letter regarding his son Ebenezer [partial]
1780-1781 by Rev. Cleaveland   diary entries, 1780-81
1781-1799 by Rev. Cleaveland   record of agricultural goods and labor transactions
1799     "list of shares owned by sundry proprietors in the farm of Rev John Cleaveland at the time of his decease"

 

Correspondence, 1745-1748

This collection includes multiple letters proposing marriage to Mary Dodge, her replies, and ministerial correspondence from Chebacco parish.

1745 April 11 from John Graham to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1745 November 12 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Philemon Robbins general correspondence
1746/7 February 13 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Dodge letter with proposal of marriage
1746/7 March 2 from Mary Dodge to Rev. Cleaveland rejection of marriage proposal
1746/7 March 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Dodge letter regarding marriage proposal
1746/7 March 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Dodge letter regarding marriage proposal, with poem
1746/7 March 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to his "very dear brother" letter regarding religious morality
1746 October 1 from Solomon Paine to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1746 December 9 from Samuel Frothingham to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence
1747 from Daniel Rogers to Rev. Cleaveland request for Rev. Cleaveland to preach at Newbury
1747 April 6 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Dodge letter regarding marriage proposal
1747 April 24 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Dodge letter regarding marriage proposal, with poem
1747 April 29 from Mary Dodge to Rev. Cleaveland reply requesting a visit, with poem
undated from Mary Dodge to Rev. Cleaveland rejection/delay of marriage proposal, with poem
1746/7 March 23 from Mary Dodge to Rev. Cleaveland rejection/delay of marriage proposal, with poem
1747 April 3 from unknown to Rev. Theophilus Pickering letter regarding Rev. Cleaveland's ordination
1747 May 16 from Samuel Frothingham to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence
1747 June 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nathaniel Rogers letter regarding preaching schedule
1747 June 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Dodge poem regarding marriage proposal
1747 August 7 by Rev. Cleaveland   copy of meeting minutes at Chebacco Church, regarding the aggrieved of Needham parish
1742 August 8 by Rev. Cleaveland   copy of meeting minutes at Chebacco Church, regarding the aggrieved of Needham parish
1747 August 22 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland (née Dodge) general correspondence
1747 September 2 from Rev. Cleaveland and Francis Choat to Mr. Bradsheet letter regarding conflict between Mr. Bradsheet and Mr. Benjamin Wheeler
1748 March 13 from Suzanna Frothingham to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1748 March 14 from Samuel Frothingham to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1748 April 27 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Samuel Wigglesworth, pastor of Third Church in Ipswich drafts of letter requesting dismissal from the Third Church
1748 May 3 from Tabitha Giddings to Rev. Fairfield religious correspondence
1748 August 4 by Hannah Coleman   letter granting power of attorney to Edward Murrow
1748 August 22 by Elizabeth Smith to her husband general correspondence and request for a letter

 

Correspondence, 1758-1776

This collection of loose documents largely comprises wartime correspondence during the French and Indian War of 1754-63 and the Revolutionary War of 1776-83, in which Rev. Cleaveland served as a military chaplain.

1758 June 15     list of officers in Col. Bagly's regiment
1758 June 10 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 June 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 June 12 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1758 June 26 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1758 June 26 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 July 2 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1758 July 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 July 25 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 July 26 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1758 August 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 August 4 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1758 August 21 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1758 September 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 September 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 September 10 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 September 22 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 September 26 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 October 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 October 13 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland correspondence while away with regiment
1758 October 16 by Col. Jonathan Bagly   letter granting leave to Rev. Cleaveland to return home
1758 October 1 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1759 January 9 from Abigail Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland letter regarding the death of Rev. Cleaveland's grandmother
1759 July 7 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter from Boston before sailing to Canada
1759 July 29 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 August 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 August 10 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 August 22 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 August 27 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 September 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 September 12 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 September 14 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 September 16 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 September 25 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 September 27 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1759 October 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter while encamped at Fort Louisbourg
1768 August 12 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. John Murray general correspondence
1769 January 12 by Rev. Cleaveland   religious poem
1775 January 16 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Cutler letter mediating conflict between Rev. Cutler and parishioners Thomas and Elizabeth Adams
1775 October 20 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland letter from Cambridge during the Revolutionary War
1776 January 1 by Rev. Cleaveland   draft copy of editorial regarding the American Revolution
1775 September 20 from Ebenezer Cleveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence while encamped at Dorchester
undated from Mary Haskell to Rev. Richard Jaques request for a dispensation to join the Chebacco Church
undated from Nathaniel Rogers to Rev. Cleaveland letter to schedule a visit
undated from D. Rogers to Rev. Cleaveland letter requesting preaching
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown letter regarding complaint against Rev. Cleaveland
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to "Mr Printer" political editorlal letter
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. James Chandler letter regarding dispute [fragment] 
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   signatures and penmanship practice [fragment]
undated     letter [fragment]
undated     accounts [fragment]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   "a sketch of poetry"
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   "a sketch of poetry"
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   draft of a poem

 

Religious papers, 1746-1798

These papers comprise religious and theological correspondence by Rev. Cleaveland, and letters relating to church business including admissions, disputes, and appointments.

1746/7 February 25 by Rev. Cleaveland for the Council of Churches overseeing Rev. Cleaveland's ordination "The Principles and Fundamentals of John Cleaveland's Faith"
1748 July 13 from Daniel Giddinge to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence
1749 September 28 from Rev. Cleaveland to Jonathan Parsons theological correspondence
circa 1750 from aggrieved brethren of Second Church in Ipswich to unknown complaint against pastor of Second Church in Ipswich (Rev. Theophilus Pickering)
1750 June 7 from Rev. Cleaveland to the Rev. Mr. Wheelock religious correspondence
1753 November 25 attested by Rev. Cleaveland as read to Thomas Giddinge copy of letter of dismissal read to Thomas Giddinge, citing theological disagreements
1754 September 21 from John Rogers to Mary Cleaveland general correspondence
1750 August 26 by Eunice Andrews attested by Rev. Cleaveland relation of faith
1758 May 30 by Rev. Cleaveland   testimony as part of a dispute with "Mr. Porter"
1764 August 21 by Rev. Cleaveland to editor "Reply to Dr. Mayhew's Letter of Reproof to Mr. John Cleaveland of Ipswich"
1765 April 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Hezekiah Smith letter regarding religious doctrine
1766 February 13 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Hezekiah Smith general correspondence
1768 October 25 by Rev. Cleaveland   sermon on British rule
1776 January 23 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. James Chandler letter addressing complaints about Rev. Cleaveland's ministry
1775 August by Rev. Cleaveland   "An Elegy on the Death of Mr. Benjamin Kimball"
1780 April by Rev. Cleaveland   essays on religious morality
1798 January 15 by Rev. Cleaveland   letter of recommendation on behalf of Mary Choat upon her removal to Lunenburg, Mass.
undated by Rev. Cleaveland to unknown "pastoral charge given at an ordination"
undated by the aggrieved brethren of the Second Church in Ipswich   rebuttals to report by Ipswich church council regarding split in the congregation
undated by the Second Church of Ipswich   draft copy of admonition delivered to Thomas Giddinge
undated   to the congregation of the Second Church of Ipswich religious discourse [partial]
undated     religious discourse [partial]
1785 October 19     "The right hand of fellowship tendered by the Rev. Daniel Breck of Topsfield"
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   letter in answer to call [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essays [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   "An essay to defend some of the most important principles in the protestant reformed system of Christianity" (and copies)
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated     prayer request for Sarah Procter
undated     poem [fragment]

 

Religious papers, undated

These loose papers largely comprise theological arguments and dialogues by Rev. Cleaveland, including editorial pieces submitted to local newsprint editors.

undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Mr. John Murray essay on baptism
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Mr. John Murray postscript to essay on baptism
1793 March 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mr. John Murray rebuttal to Mr. Murray's "tenet of universal salvation"
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   essay on the nature of divinity [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   essay on Christian morality [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   essay in reply to theological arguments [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Hezekiah Smith letter to Rev. Smith "on his embracing the sentiments of Dr. Gill"
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   rebuttal to theological arguments by Mr. Murray
undated by Rev. Cleaveland to editor rebuttal to theological arguments by Mr. Murray [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological essay [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   theological dialogue "between Justus and Gallio on the state of Church and Country"

 

Correspondence, 1744-1747

Loose papers including both general and religious correspondence, and materials regarding the controversial minister Theophilus Pickering, most notably a letter by Rev. Pickering reprimanding the recipient (almost certainly Rev. Cleaveland) for preaching to separatist members of the Chebacco parish.

1744 April 27 from the aggrieved brethren of the Chebacco Church to Rev. Theophilus Pickering copy of complaints against the minister
1745/6 March 10 from Jonathan Parsons to Rev. Cleaveland letter regarding a mutual acquaintance
1745 February/March from Ebenezer Wheeler to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1745/6 January 27 from James Eveleth and Francis Choat to Rev. Cleaveland letter requesting a visit
1745/6 February 18 from Rev. Theophilus Pickering to "the gentleman stranger that is a minster at the house of Mr. James Eveleth" (Rev. Cleaveland) letter scolding the recipient for poaching congregants
1746 March 14 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Philemon Robbins religious correspondence
1746 March 18 from William Story to Rev. Cleaveland letter included with one of Rev. Theophilus Pickering's pamphlets
1746 May 2 by William Giddinge   copy of separatist meeting records
1746 May 20 by William Story (scribe)   record of a meeting of a church council regarding Rev. Theophilus Pickering's ministry, chaired by Rev. Cleaveland
1746 August 12 from J. Foret to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence
1746 December 26 from the congregation of the newly formed Fourth Church in Ipswich to Rev. Cleaveland request for Rev. Cleaveland to pastor the Fourth Church
1746 December 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to the separate society at Chebacco Church in Ipswich letter regarding preaching
1746/7 January 20 from Samuel Frothingham to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence
1746/7 January 23 by Daniel Giddinge (scribe)   meeting minutes for the newly gathered Fourth Church in Ipswich
1746/7 February 8 by Daniel Giddinge (scribe)   appointment of Robert, Thomas and Francis Choate as committee members to visit the First Church in Ipswich
1746/7 March 2 from Ebenezer Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence
1746/7 January 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to the congregation of the newly formed Fourth Church in Ipswich answer to an invitation to preach, citing delays
1746/7 January 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to the congregation of the newly formed Fourth Church in Ipswich acceptance of pastoral call
1747 May 2 from Abigail Leech to the Church of Christ in Manchester explanation of ill attendance due to preferring Rev. Cleaveland's preaching
1746/7 January 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to the congregation of the newly formed Fourth Church in Ipswich acceptance of pastoral call (copy)
1746 December 10 from Susanna Fosdick to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence

Correspondence, 1748-1799

A collection of loose correspondence including material relating to the merging of the Second and Fourth churches in Ipswich. The papers also include letters regarding a dispute between Rev. Cleaveland and the Presbyterian sessions in Newbury, and negotiations over Rev. Cleaveland's salary.

1748 May 3 from Mary Cleaveland to Rev. Samuel Wigglesworth, pastor of Third Church in Ipswich drafts of letter requesting dismissal from the Third Church
1749 July 19 by Rev. Cleaveland   results of ecclesiastical council regarding conflict in the Second Church in Ipswich [partial]
1749 October 23 from Rev. Cleaveland to his uncle letter regarding his uncle's conduct
1750/1 February 18 from Benjamin Wheeler to Rev. Benjamin Bradsheet of Gloucester apology and request for censure to be lifted
1757 September 3 from Joseph Gutterson and Caleb Richardson to Rev. Cleaveland request for preaching
1760 May 19 from the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury to Rev. Cleaveland letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland
1760 June 27 from Rev. Cleaveland to the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury draft letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland
1760 from Rev. Cleaveland to the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland
1760 July 10 from Rev. Cleaveland to the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland
1760 July 18 from the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury to Rev. Cleaveland letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland
1760 August 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland
1760 November 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Haskell letter regarding Mr. Parsons
1765 November 20 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Samuel Chandler and John Rogers of Gloucester letter regarding dispute
1767 February 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. Samuel Chandler and John Rogers of Gloucester letter regarding dispute
1768 March 30 from the Fourth Church in Ipswich to the Second Church in Ipswich letter regarding merging of the two churches
1769 March 31 from Rev. Cleaveland to the committee of the Second Parish in Ipswich letter regarding subscription payments by the late Mr. Jacob Perkins
1769 November 9 from Rev. James Chandler to Rev. Cleaveland letter decrying Rev. Cleaveland's separatist peaching
1770 March 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to the Sixth Parish in Ipswich letter regarding salary
1770 March 8 by various subscribers in the Sixth Parish of Ipswich   legal statement dissolving debts of Rev. Cleaveland
1769 December 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. James Chandler letter replying to accusation of divisiveness
1769 December 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. James Chandler letter replying to accusation of divisiveness
1770 January 9 from Rev. James Chandler to Rev. Cleaveland letter replying to Rev. Cleaveland's arguments
1770 January 23 from Rev. Cleaveland to Rev. James Chandler letter in reply to Rev. Chandler's arguments
1770 April 10 from members of the new meeting house in Bradford, Mass. to Rev. Cleaveland and the Fourth Church in Ipswich letter requesting the formation of a council of churches
1769 November 21 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mr. Hall, editor letter to newspaper editor regarding dispute with Mr. John Murray
1778 November 15 from Susanna Clark to the Second Church in Ipswich plea for forgiveness and re-admission
1779 November 30 from Rev. Cleaveland to the Second Church in Ipswich letter regarding salary
1781 November 15 from Rev. Cleaveland to the Parish Committee of the Second Church in Ipswich letter regarding salary
1782 July 21 from Elizabeth Cleaveland to the Second Church in Ipswich relation of faith
1785 January 21 by Abigail Cleaveland to the Second Church in Ipswich relation of faith
1785 June 22 from unknown to Rev. Cleaveland letter regarding the behavior of Nathaniel Merrill [partial]
1789 February 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nathaniel Merrill letter reprimanding Merrill for his behavior
1792 November 30 from Rev. Cleaveland to Susanna Clark letter regarding Mrs. Clark's re-admission into the Second Church [partial]
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown theological arguments
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Mrs. Bliss letter requesting that a conversation not be repeated
undated from the Second Church in Ipswich to Nehemia Porter letter regarding invitation to ministry
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown letter regarding disagreement [partial]
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to the sessions of the Presbyterian congregation of Newbury letter regarding perceived slander by Rev. Cleaveland [partial]
undated from the Fourth Church in Ipswich to the Second Church in Ipswich letter regarding merging of the two churches
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Mr. Fleet, editor editorial regarding a murder and Christian morals
undated from the Fourth Church in Ipswich to the Second Church in Ipswich letter regarding merging of the two churches

 

Administration, 1744-1799

These documents relate primarily to the administration of the Chebacco Church in Ipswich.

1742/3 January 10 from Rev. Theophilus Pickering to members of the Chebacco parish "proposal granting liberty to the people to invite other ministers to preach among them"
1745 April 4 by "the brethren of the new gathered church of Christ in Boston"   letter outlining details of separation from Boston church
1745/6 January 5 by the committee of the Second Church in Ipswich   Chebacco Church meeting minutes including the appointment of Rev. Cleaveland as minister
1745/6 January 13 by William Giddinge (clerk)   meeting minutes of the separatist society in Ipswich
1746/7 February 10 by William Giddinge (clerk)   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich
1746/7 February 11 by William Giddinge (clerk)   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich
1746/7 February 17 from the congregation of Dunstable, New Hampshire to Rev. Porter and Rev. Cleaveland letter requesting deferment of the ordination of Mr. Samuel Bird
1747 March 3 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the separated Fourth Church in Ipswich
1747 March 5 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the separated Fourth Church in Ipswich
1747 January 4 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich, including condemnation of Thomas Giddinge
1746 July 28 by the committee of the Fourth Church in Ipswich to Rev. Cleaveland letter of invitation to preach at Chebacco
1747 January 4 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich
1747 January 4 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich (copy)
1746 by Rev. Cleaveland   list of relations of faith in 1746
1746/7 March 4 by Rev. Theophilus Pickering for the attention of Rev. Cleaveland meeting minutes of the Second Church in Ipswich including Rev. Pickering's testimony against Rev. Cleaveland
1747 September 2 from the separatist church in Needham to Rev. Cleaveland and the Fourth Church in Ipswich call for meeting of a council of churches
1747 November 9 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich, outlining admissions policy
1747 November 21 from Joseph French and other petitioners in Dunstable, New Hampshire. to Benning Wentworth (Governor of New Hampshire) petition to grant a hearing concerning the ordination of Mr. Samuel Bird
1747 November 29 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich, regarding the ordination of Mr. Samuel Bird
1747/8 January 15 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich
1747/8 March 3 from Rev. Nathaniel Draper to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1748 July 3 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich, with reference to Thomas Giddinge
1762 by Rev. Cleaveland   accounts list
1749-1778 by Rev. Cleaveland   "The Records of the Transactions of the Second Church in Ipswich"
1768 June 8 by Rev. Cleaveland for the attention of the congregation of the Fourth Church in Ipswich renewal of the covenant of the Fourth Church in Ipswich
1768 June 8 by Rev. Cleaveland for the attention of the congregation of the Fourth Church in Ipswich renewal of the covenant of the Fourth Church in Ipswich (copy)
1768 June 8 by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes of the Fourth Church in Ipswich
1772 March 15 by Jacob Story (moderator)   meeting minutes of the Second Church in Ipswich
1773 March 29 by Jacob Story (moderator)   meeting minutes of the Second Church in Ipswich
1774 October     "Heads of agreement and a church covenant for the uniting the Second Church and the Fourth Church of Ipswich"
1773 June 14 by Samuel and Ebenezer Hall (eds.)   printed materials relating to the union of the Second and Fourth Churches in Ipswich
undated by J. Dana (scribe)   meeting minutes [partial]
1774 October 23 by J. Dana (scribe)   account of dispute with the church of Manchester
1773 June 14     printed materials relating to the union of the Second and Fourth Churches in Ipswich
1792 August 14 by the Middlesex association of congregational ministers   association meeting minutes
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown letter drafts regarding a dispute [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   meeting minutes [partial]
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   copy of letter detailing theological arguments [partial]
undated     copy of covenant between the Second and Fourth Churches
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   letter with details of Susanna Burnham's appeal for admission

 

Manuscript sermons, 1756-1798

This collection consists of Rev. Cleaveland's handwritten notes for sermons which he preached at Chebacco Church.

  • 1 Corinthians 10:12 - "Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall..."
      preached 20 June 1756

  • Proverbs 3:18 - "She is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her..."
      preached 2 July 1756

  • Luke 8:21 - "My mother and my brethren are these which hear the word of God, and do it..."
      preached July 4 1756

  • Psalms 39:3 - "My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned..."
      preached 20 May 1767

  • Luke 13:23 - "Then said one unto him, Lord, are there few that be saved? And he said unto them, Strive to enter in at the strait gate..."
      preached 31 May 1767

  • John 8:12 - "Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me etc..."
      preached January 9 1763

  • 2 Timothy 2:15 - "rightly dividing the word of truth…"
      preached 27 February 1763

  • John 10:14 - "I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine..."
      preached 26 June 1763

  • Psalms 132:15 - "…abundantly bless her provision: I will satisfy her poor with bread..."
      preached 6 August 1763

  • Mark 13:37 - "And what I say unto you I say unto all, Watch..."
      preached 15 December 1765

  • Job 14:4 - "Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one..."
      undated

  • Philippians 2:5 - "Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus..."
      undated

  • 2 Corinthians 5:7 - "For we walk by faith, not by sight..."
      preached 28 May 1760

  • 2 Corinthians 5:7 - "For we walk by faith, not by sight..."
      preached 1 June 1760

  • 2 Kings 20:1 - "Thus saith the Lord, Set thy house in order; for thou shalt die, and not live..."
      preached 12 October 1760

  • Hebrews 12:5 - "And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you as unto children, My son, despise not…"
      preached 15 October 1760

  • Deuteronomy 33:27 - "The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms..."
      preached 30 October 1760

  • Mark 8:39 - "whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words…of him..."
      preached 21 June 1761

  • Psalms 34:11 - "Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of the Lord..."
      preached 17 January 1762

  • Job 19:25 - "For I know that my redeemer liveth…"
      preached 10 October 1762

  • John 16:31 - "Jesus answered them, do ye now believe?"
      preached 1 March 1795

  • Acts 26:22 - "Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come..."
      preached 8 March 1797

  • Galatians 6:14 - "But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world..."
      undated

  • Galatians 3:1 - "…before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you..."
      preached 22 March 1752

  • Sermon fragment
      undated

  • Acts 10:33 - "Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God..."
      preached 8 October 1793

  • Psalms 66:18 - "If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me..."
      preached 19 April 1753

  • Acts 20:26 - "Wherefore I take you to record this day, that I am pure from the blood of all men..."
      preached 19 October 1785

 

Testimonials, 1741-1771

These testimonials include a confession by a member of the congregation known as "Flora Negroe", and numerous relations of faith by members of the Chebacco Parish.

1749 July 23 by Flora Negroe [sic] to the congregation of the Fourth Church in Ipswich confession
1764 Isaac Procter   relation of faith
1764 Abigail Galloway   relation of faith
1764 Lucy Procter   relation of faith
1764 Mary Manning   relation of faith
1764 Anna Bennett   relation of faith
1764 Sarah Allen   relation of faith
1764 Hannah Lee   relation of faith
1764 Ebenezer Brown   relation of faith
1764 Sarah Kinsman   relation of faith
1764 Elizabeth Ingersol   relation of faith
1764 Abigail Marshall   relation of faith
1764 Jemima Dodge   relation of faith
1764 Thomas Story   relation of faith
1764 June 17 Mary Story   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Mary Rust   relation of faith
1764 Hannah Bear   relation of faith
1764 October 21 Mary Tarring   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Mary Roger   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Abigail Giddinge   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Nathaniel Burnham   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Ruth Hancock   relation of faith
1764 August 26 John Cheever   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Abigail Tarring   relation of faith
1764 August 26 Sarah Eveleth   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Ester Williams   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Mary Lee   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Elizabeth Marshall   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Hannah Sergeant   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Sarah Butler   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Rachel Low   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Edward Lee   relation of faith
1764 March 30 John Lendal   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Daniel Giddinge   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Sarah Brown   relation of faith
1764 March 30 Merry Holmes   relation of faith
1764 April 22 Jeremiah Kinsman   relation of faith
1764 April 22 Sarah Kinsman   relation of faith
1764 April 22 Aaron Low   relation of faith
1764 April 22 Abigail Burnham   relation of faith
1764 April 22 Sarah Butler   relation of faith
1764 April 22 Phillis Cogswell - Negro   relation of faith
1764 November 11 Lucy Andrews   relation of faith
1764 November 11 Hannah Edwards   relation of faith
1764 February 2 Mary Woodbury   relation of faith
1764 February 2 Bethiah Foster   relation of faith
1767 July 12 Abram Choate   relation of faith
1776 August 12 Joseph Rust   relation of faith
undated Daniel Low   relation of faith
undated Hannah Low   relation of faith
undated Susanna Low   relation of faith
undated Martha Andrews   relation of faith
undated Mary Low   relation of faith
undated Jacob Choate   relation of faith
undated Lucy Burnham   relation of faith
undated Mary Cleaveland   relation of faith
undated Elizabeth Perkins   relation of faith
undated Isaac Procter   relation of faith
undated Thomas Choate   relation of faith

 

Correspondence, 1747-1777

This collection of correspondence consists of family letters, mainly between Rev. Cleaveland and his brothers, parents, and children.

1745 February 1 from Joseph and Kezia Morse to Rev. Cleaveland letter requesting recommendation for a preacher
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Aaron Cleaveland general correspondence
1745/6 February 11 from Ebenezer Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1746/7 January 20 from Aaron Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
undated from Clive Johnson to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
undated from Aaron Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1746 December 2 from Josiah Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1746 December 9 from Abigail Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1746 March 2 from Josiah Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1747/8 December 5 from Ebenezer Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1748/9 January 9 from Ebenezer Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1748 September 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Josiah Cleaveland general correspondence (draft)
1748 September 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Josiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1748 September 28 from a church council   council meeting minutes
circa 1750 from Josiah and Abigail Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1748 November 29 from Rev. Cleaveland to Josiah and Abigail Cleaveland general correspondence
1751 March 2 from Abigail Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland and Ebenezer Cleaveland general correspondence
1759 February 3 by Rev. Cleaveland   poems dedicated to Rev. Cleaveland's children and Hannah Bear
1760 September 18 from Ebenezer Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland correspondence while encamped with military regiment
1769 May 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Mary Cleaveland advisory letter regarding marriage engagements
1769 December 25 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1770 May 11 from Aron [sic] Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1770 July 22 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1770 September 14 from Rev. Cleaveland to Aaron or Ebenezer Cleaveland general correspondence
1772 November 13 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1773 April 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to his son general correspondence
1773 April 5 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1773 July 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1773 December 29 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1774 February 16 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1774 March 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1774 July 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1774 July 12 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1775 July 28 from Parker Cleaveland to his wife correspondence while encamped with military regiment
1775 June 1 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1775 November 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to Aaron Cleaveland general correspondence
1775 November 28 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1775 December 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1775 December 10 from Rev. Cleaveland to John Cleaveland Jr. general correspondence
1775 December 14 from Rev. Cleaveland to Col. Paul Dudley letter regarding Parker Cleaveland's appointment as military surgeon
1775 December 15 from Rev. Cleaveland to Col. Kinney letter regarding Parker Cleaveland's appointment as military surgeon
1775 December 18 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1776 September 3 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1776 September 14 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1776 September 24 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1776 October 15 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1777 May 27 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1776 October 31 from Parker Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1777 December 11 from Ebenezer Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence

 

Correspondence, 1778-1789

This collection of correspondence consists of family letters, mainly between Rev. Cleaveland and his sons Parker, Nehemiah, and John Cleaveland Jr.

1778 January 29 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 February 9  from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 February 16 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 March 18 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 March 30 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 March 29 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 March 28 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 April 10 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1778 June 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1779 November 9 Unknown unknown general correspondence
1779 December 10 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1779 December 25 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1780 January 26 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1780 April 23 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1780 July 12 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1780 September 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1780 December 25 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1781 October 1 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1781 November 27 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1783 November 23 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1785 March 18 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1785 May 15 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1785 September 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1782 November 18 by Rev. Cleaveland's children to Stephen Choate "Relinquishment of legacy by heirs of Mrs. Mary Cleaveland"
1786 January 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1787 January 24 from Rev. Cleaveland to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts political letter [partial]
1787 November 21 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1788 March 26 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1788 June 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1788 June 18 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1788 June 24 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1786 May 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1786 October 6 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1786 November 20 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1788 February 20 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1789 April 4 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1789 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence

 

Correspondence, 1790-1799

This collection of correspondence consists of family letters, mainly between Rev. Cleaveland and his sons Parker, Nehemiah, and John Cleaveland Jr.

1790 April 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 February 16 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 April 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 June 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 June 12 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 September 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Jacob Tewksbury letter regarding dispute between two widows
undated by Rev. Cleaveland   "members of Chebacco Church living in Manchester"
1790 October 7 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 September 30 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1791 February 28 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 November 7 from Mary Procter to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1790 December 30 from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown religious correspondence
1791 February 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1791 March 29 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland letter regarding Nehemiah's wife Lucy and her illness
1791 April 2 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1791 September 26 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1791 May 4 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1791 July 13 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 June 18 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 August 6 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 November 5 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 December 17 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 May 28 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 July 20 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 July 21 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 January 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to his son general correspondence
1792 March 24 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 August 29 from Mary Procter to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 November 7 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1792 December 24 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 June 9 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 June 18 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 December 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 December 13 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 December 24 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 December 25 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1794 April 4 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1794 April 26 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 September 10 from Nehemiah Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1793 November 26 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1794 August 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to his children general correspondence
1794 November 8 from Rev. Cleaveland to Elizabeth Cleaveland general correspondence
1795 May 7 from John Cleaveland Jr. to Rev. Cleaveland general correspondence
1797 May 30 from Rev. Cleaveland to Adoniram Haskell letter regarding hat-making and accounts
1798 February 28 from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence
1800 December 26 from Camden Cleaveland to Abigail Cleaveland general correspondence
1798 November 16 from Rev. Cleaveland to his children general correspondence
1799 January 3 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1799 March 4 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1799 April 9 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
1799 April 11 from Rev. Cleaveland to Nehemiah Cleaveland general correspondence
undated by Andrew Cresswell   description of a dream
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown letter regarding ministerial controversy
undated from unknown to unknown draft of a religious letter
undated from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland letter while enlisted in the army [partial]
undated from Parker Cleaveland to unknown general correspondence [partial]
undated from John Cleaveland Jr. to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence [partial]
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to Parker Cleaveland general correspondence [partial]
circa 1779 from Parker Cleaveland to Rev. Cleaveland religious correspondence [partial]
undated from Rev. Cleaveland to unknown religious correspondence

 

Legal documents, 1768-1803

Legal documentation relating to Rev. Cleaveland's wife Mary Cleaveland and their heirs.

1768 March 23 by Mary Cleaveland   inventory
1803 October 21 by Ebenezer Cleaveland   will and inventory
1800 May 31 by Angier March   receipt for payment from Parker Cleaveland
1810 November 21 by Hannah Brown   will and inventory
undated by Nehemiah Cleaveland and Moses Wildes   indenture granting land to Ruth Emerson

 

Mary Cleaveland's diary, 1742-1762

Mary Cleaveland's sporatic diary entries detail the birth of her children and the death of relatives and prominent acquaintances, as well as notable events about town.

 

Related Materials

John Cleaveland sermons, 1752-1799

Essex, Mass. First Congregational Church, 1681-1879

 

Special Thanks

These digital resources have been made possible in part by the Council on Library and Information Resources, through a Digitizing Hidden Collections grant.

Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this resource do not necessarily represent those of the Council on Library and Information Resources.